Sunburn-
Sunburn is the result of overexposure in the sun and can take place within 30 minutes of exposure. It happens when harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation penetrates the skin, causing a skin inflammation. Sunburn is also responsible for the premature aging and wrinkling of the skin. In severe cases, it can cause skin cancer.
Symptoms
The first sign of sunburn is redness of the skin. This usually shows up within two hours of being in the sun without any protection. Within 24 hours, the skin may start to sting, peel, and itch.
Causes
Sunburn is caused by prolonged unprotected exposure in the sun.
Who is more prone?
Newborns and infants under six months old are extremely sensitive to the sun as they tend to burn easily. Persons of white skin tone, as well as those living close to the equator and in places of high altitudes are also more likely to get sunburns.
Treatment
1. For mild sunburns, sponge down the sunburned areas using a damp cloth for about 15 minutes regularly throughout the day. Do not rub the skin and ensure that baby does not catch a chill in the process.
2. A cool bath can also help soothe baby's skin. Avoid adding salt, bubble bath, and any harsh body wash as these may aggravate the condition. Apply moisturiser immediately after a bath.
3. Ensure that baby is breastfed often or given water to keep hydrated following sunburn.
Prevention
Regular protection against the sun should begin early. Even on a cloudy day, UV radiation is at its strongest between 10am and 5pm. Infants should never be exposed to direct sunlight and if the need arises to bring baby out of the house during midday, you should take the following precautions:
1. Apply sunscreen generously on baby, (minimum more than 6 months old), 20 minutes before stepping out of the house, paying extra attention to the nose, cheeks, and forehead. Choose a sunscreen that is broad-spectrum, of SPF 30 and above, one that blocks out both UVA and UVB rays, and contains zinc oxide as the active ingredient.
2. Sunscreen should be reapplied every two hours as activities such as perspiring and swimming can wear off the protection from the skin.
3. Ensure that baby is sufficiently - but not overly - clothed before going out. Choose cotton clothes that are loose-fitting.
4. Even with sunscreen slapped on, it is advisable to stay in the shade under an umbrella, a wide-brimmed hat that shades the neck, or in the shade of the pram.
5. Try to walk under shady spots. Stay away from the road or sand as the sun can reflect off floor surfaces.
When to see the doctor
If fever, vomiting, or blisters result following a sunburn, see the doctor immediately.